Why Everyone Should Read Neil deGrasse Tyson’s New Book

Science is intimidating. Despite the fact that we live our lives constantly interacting with and relying on technology and the science that forms the foundation of our modern lives, the vast majority of people regard science as a discipline and general body of knowledge that is beyond their ability to understand, control, or use. Not everyone was born to be a scientist, of course, and we all have areas that interest us more (or less) and in which we demonstrate more (or less) aptitude. That makes it easy to imagine that science is both unnecessary for our daily lives as well as impenetrable — after all, a subject like astrophysics doesnt seem like something youre going to need for the Monday morning scrum meeting, and it also seems like an unimaginably vast subject that relies on math far more than most people are prepared for. And those things are both true — if you are discussing necessity and mastery. But theres a middle ground between being, say, Neil deGrasse Tyson and simply being curious about the universe we exist in. The fact is, a book like Astrophysics for People in a Hurry offers more than dry, stiff scientific knowledge — and there are plenty of reasons everyone should read it. Perspective There’s a reason that the stars have fascinated us for pretty much the entirety of human existence. No matter what your philosophy, religion, or political slant, the stars and planets in the night sky represent obvious proof that we are just a small part of a much, much larger whole — and that means the possibilities are endless. Is there life out there? Other habitable planets? Will it all end in a â€Å"Big Crunch† or Heat Death or will it go on forever? You may not realize it, but every time you look up at the night sky — or check your horoscope  Ã¢â‚¬â€ these questions flash through some level of your consciousness. That can be disturbing, because those questions are huge, and we don’t have a lot of answers for them. What Tyson aims to accomplish with this short book is to give you an anchor of knowledge to demystify the universe a little. That kind of perspective is crucial, because those huge, universal-scale questions also inform and affect our small-scale interactions and decisions here on Earth. The more you know about how the universe works, the less susceptible to fake news, fake science, and scaremongering you’ll be. Knowledge, after all, is power. Entertainment That being said, Neil deGrasse Tyson is one of the most accomplished and charming writers and speakers in our modern world. If you’ve ever seen him interviewed or read any of his articles, you know that the man knows how to write. He manages to make these complicated scientific concepts not only seem comprehensible, but downright entertaining. He’s just that guy you enjoy listening to, and his writing style often evokes the chummy sense that you’re sitting down and having drinks with him as he talks about his day at work. The writing in Astrophysics for People in a Hurry is peppered with anecdotes about famous scientists, interesting little asides about a whole range of things, and plain old jokes. It’s one of those books that will fuel your cocktail party chatter for months to come as you dole out some of the fascinating facts you glean from its pages. Format If you’re still feeling intimidated by the word astrophysics, relax. The chapters in this book were originally separate essays and articles Tyson has published over the years, which means the book comes at you in bite-size, easily digestible chunks — and there’s no test at the end. This is the sort of science book you can read in easygoing bits and pieces, because Tyson’s goal isn’t to turn you into a scientist overnight. His goal is to leave you familiar with the fundamentals. The chapters aren’t overly long, and there’s no math. Let’s repeat that: There is no math. There’s also no jargon or scary scientist lingo — Tyson knows who his intended audience is, and he writes in a chatty, open style. Jargon is designed to close off a conversation to only people in the know, and Tyson avoids it like the plague, opting instead for a vocabulary that everyone, no matter their personal scientific background, will be comfortable with. The end result? No, you won’t be a Ph.D. in astrophysics when you finish the book, but you will have a clear understanding of the forces that control our universe. Knowledge is power, and this is some of the most important knowledge you can learn. Bottom line: This is a fun, fascinating, and informative book that requires no prep work to read, and might just leave you smarter than when you came in. There’s no reason not to read it.

Plato s Symposium, By Plato - 1273 Words

In the book,† Plato’s Symposium,† by Plato, who was a philosopher in Greece, he illustrates the dialectic discussion at a party at Agathon’s to celebrate his triumph of his first tragedy. In the Symposium; the guests Phaedrus, an Athenian aristocrat; Pausanias, the legal expert; Eryximachus, a physician; Aristophanes, eminent comic playwright; Agathon ,a tragic poet and host of the banquet; Socrates, eminent philosopher and Plato s teacher; and Alcibiades, a prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general; discuss their own versions and viewpoints to praise the god of love. First, we have Phaedrus, who starts to say that love is the most ancient of the gods and should be praiseworthy, next we have Eryximachus who states that love affects everything in the universe and that it should be protected, next we have Aristophanes, who states that the reason why love is on earth is because god has split humanity in half and that man should fear the gods and should e mbrace love to feel whole again, and last we have Socrates who suggests what Diotima explains that love is in the middle of two things or objects and has both characteristics. Phaedrus starts off the conversation of love stating how the god Love doesn’t get much attention in songs and that he should be praiseworthy because he has helped men to gain honor and blessedness. This begins the symposium and functions as a way to tell the reader what the topic would be about and why the guests in the party should discuss it.Show MoreRelatedComparing Plato s The Symposium1704 Words   |  7 PagesIn one of his most accomplished works, Plato brings to light the topic of alcohol and the significance of drinking in The Symposium. Through this text, Plato is writing about philosophy is the setting of a narrative in order to reinforce the context of the story. Plato was a metaphilosophist that supported the theory of forms. He believed that understanding pure form, achieving true wisdom, is something that cannot be defined or reduced to words, and all people should strive to understand pure formRead MoreThe War And Plato s Symposium, And The Man Discussed1769 Words   |  8 Pageswork, and the effects of the depiction upon the rest of the specific work. These works are of course Thucydides’, The History of the Peloponnesian War and Plato’s Symposium, and the man discussed is the Athenian giant, Alcibiades of the Alcmaeonidae. The authors, of course, have their own aims and reasons for writing their works, Plato, writing an allegory on love likely to defend his teacher Socrates, and Thucydides, to inform on what he believes to be the most significant war in history. The genresRead MorePlato s Symposium : The Nature Of Love1320 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s Symposium explores the nature of love through several different telling’s of what love is by philosophers of the time. The speeches of Socrates, Alcibiades, and Aristophanes are of mai n focus, as their similarities and differences help the reader to decide the truth of the nature of love. Throughout the Symposium, the accounts of love vary from speaker to speaker. The speech given by Socrates differentiates from the viewpoints of Alcibiades and Aristophanes, as well as all of the other speechesRead MorePlato s The Symposium And The Epic Of Gilgamesh2326 Words   |  10 PagesStairway to Immortality Besides being a phenomenal writer and philosopher, it seems Plato had the gift of foresight as well. At a glance, a Greek novel about love and an ancient Mesopotamian epic seem to have nothing in common. However, what is interesting to see is that not only do the two share very similar themes, but one acts as a how-to guide for the other. In both novels, Plato’s The Symposium and The Epic of Gilgamesh, the main protagonists deal with the concept of immortality. In GilgameshRead MorePlatoï ¿ ½Ã¯ ¿ ½s Symposium, And Ovids The Art Of Love1109 Words   |  5 Pagesattacks simultaneously the head, the heart and the senses.† Since the beginning of time, writers and philosophers have been trying to discover the origins of this â€Å"attack,† and many attribute different reasons for this immense feeling. In both Plato’s Symposium, and Ovid’s The Art of Love, Aristophanes and Ovid attempt to address the genesis of love by asking: what is the feeling that d rives us towards another human: Is it physical attraction? Sexual desire? Experience in the field of dating? Or is thisRead MorePlato s Symposium : A Glimpse Into Antiquity Of Some Philosophical Conversations On Love762 Words   |  4 PagesPlato’s Symposium is a glimpse into antiquity of some philosophical conversations on love. The focus here is on two different perspectives between Aristophanes and Socrates. Aristophanes gives us his view on love by telling a mythical account on how human nature came to be. There were once three types of beings, male-male, female-female and male-female, which the later would be known as androgynous. They were each round with four arms, four legs, and two faces on opposite sides of their being andRead MorePlato s Symposium, Sequential Speeches Praise The God Of Love, But They Stray From Truth1694 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s Symposium, sequential speeches praise the god of Love, but they stray from truth until Diotima’s speech provides a permanent form in which love â€Å"neither waxes nor wanes† (Sym. 211A). Through the speeches, love shifts from identifying with the concrete to the abstract, but still ultimately advances goals of present: Phaedrus sees love as helping â€Å"men gain virtue,† Aristophanes as only a â€Å"promise† to restore humans to their â€Å"original nature† and Pausanias and Eryximachus have to use twoRead MorePlato ´s The Symposium and it theme Compared to the French Song La Vie En Rose614 Words   |  2 PagesLife is pink, or so says Louis Armstrong’s version of Edith Piaf’s beautiful French song, La Vie En Rose. Plato is arguably the most famous philosopher from Ancient Greece. The Symposium, one of Plato’s most famous works, is a brilliant piece of literature centered on a group of men telling their own versions of what they believe to be Love. The Goddess of Love however, is the main focus of Plato’s work more so than the act of actually being in love. This becomes the men’s main focal point for theRead MoreThe Great Philosopher728 Words   |  3 Pages2017 The Great Philosopher Plato Plato is known as one of ancient Greece’s greatest philosophers. Plato was born in Athens, Greece during 428 BCE. Some people believe that Plato s real name is Aristocles, if in fact this is true he would have received this name from his grandfather. Historians believed that Plato had two full brother, one sister, and one half brother. They are unsure if Plato was the eldest. They believe that he was since he inherited his grandfather s name, and tradition was thatRead MoreA Comparison Of Thomas Mores Utopia, And The Symposium By Plato1607 Words   |  7 Pages Utopia by Thomas More, and The Symposium by Plato are similar in that they both challenge pre-existing notions in society. The two stories prompt readers to reconsider certain aspects of life which one might have found to be quite one-sided. Thomas More introduces us to an island called Utopia which serves as a model of perfection in each facet of everyday life. In The Symposium, Plato and his friends contribute distinctive interpretations on the origin and meaning of love. Both author’s purpose

Priming Of Social Attitudes Free Essays

string(108) " measured the total number of people to interupt in each condition, rather than the time taken to interupt\." Abstract Previous research has indicated that social behaviour can be automatically activated when primed by traits (Higgins, Rholes Jones, 1977). The present study investigated whether participants are more like to interrupt an experimenter and unseen confederate when primed by words semantically associated with rudeness, compared with positive and neutral words. It represented a replication of the Bargh, Chen and Burrows experiment (1996) with one alteration; the total number of interruptions rather than time taken to interrupt was measured. We will write a custom essay sample on Priming Of Social Attitudes or any similar topic only for you Order Now 54 undergraduate students aged between 19 and 25 participated in a between-subjects experiment, and were randomly assigned to one of three experimental levels. Participants were asked to complete a Scrambled Sentence Task containing either rude, polite or neutral words. In order to indicate their completion, participants had to interrupt the conversation of the experimenter. As hypothesised, particpants allocated to the rude condition were significantly more likely to interrupt the experimenter than those in the neutral or polite conditions. Introduction The extent to which one has intentional control over their own thoughts and behaviours has formed the basis of much research in the field of social psychology. During the 1970’s the distinction between automatic and conscious thought processes emerged, and has became the focus of much attention (Bargh, 1989). Research concentrating on social cognition and attitude formation has documented that many phenomena are unintentional or automatic in nature. Stereotypes, for example, can be automatically elicited merely by the presense of physical features commonly associated with the stereotyped group. Similarly, the presense of an ‘attitude object’ can automatically elicit an attitude, which in turn exerts influence on behaviour (Bargh, Chen Burrows, 1996). Both are examples of priming, which refers to the effect observed when exposure to a certain stimulus influences responses to a second stimulus. In social psychology, priming can be understood in terms of the tendenc y for recent information to influence subsequent thoughts. An early example of this came from Higgins, Rholes and Jones (1977). In this research, particpants read a passage involving a man attempting certain ambitious physical feats. Prior to this, particpants were told they were particpating in a memory task, and were given a list of attributes to read. Half of the particpants were ‘positvely primed’ and given words such as ‘adventurous’ and ‘brave’. The other half were ‘negatively primed’ and given words such as ‘foolish’ and ‘reckless’. After reading the passage, particpants were asked to give their impressions of the man in the story. Those who had been positively primed formed more positive impressions of the man in the passage than those who had been negatively primed. Forgas and Bower (1987) looked at the effect of priming on how people judge information about others. Participants were assigned to one of two conditions. In the first condition, participants were given information that primed a happy mood. In the second, particpants were given information to prime a sad mood. Participants in both conditions were then given identical person descriptions to read. They found that those who had been primed to experience a happy mood formed more positive impressions of the people in the person descriptions than those primed to experience a sad mood. An experiment by Bargh, Chen and Burrows (1996; exp2) demonstrated that priming influences behaviour, investigating the behavioural consequence of automatic stereotype activation based on the premise that a typical stereotypical view of the elderly concerns slowness. Participants were presented with scrambled sentences containing words that related to elderly stereotypes, or sentences containing neutral words. Importantly, the authors ensured that none of the words in the ‘elderly’ condition were directly related to slowness. This ensured that any observed behaviour change was attributable to the stereotype of elderly being activated (and the associated assumptions of slowness) rather than focusing attention on the single trait of being slow. Following this, particpants were asked to leave the room, and were timed walking down a hallway to return to the waiting area, to test whether priming participants with the concept of elderly would automatically and unconsciously ch ange their behaviour to emulate the elderly. As predicted, participants who were primed with the stereotypical information took longer to walk down the hallway than those who received the neutral information. Carver, Ganellen, Froming and Chambers (1983) demonstrated the priming effect of aggression on particpant’s subsequent behaviour. Participants were divided into two conditions and given scrambled sentences containing either aggressive or neutral concepts, diguised as part of a seemingly unrelated study. They were then asked to participate in an experiment of human learning where particpants were able to punish another participant (actually a confederate) by administering electric shocks for incorrect responses. Those in the aggressive condition administered stronger shocks than those in the control condition. The studies discussed thus far have indicated that priming can influence both perceptions and behaviour. From this premise, Bargh et al. (1996, exp 1) investigated whether this effect overrode the typical processes one uses in everyday life, such as social judgement. In this experiment, 34 participants were informed that they were taking part in a test of language ability, and presented with a scrambled sentence test. They were randomly assigned to one of three conditions priming conditions, rude, polite and neutral. Participants were asked to complete the task individually, then notify the experimenter in another room. When the participant entered the second room, they found the experimenter in conversation with a second participant (a confederate). The critical outcome measure of the study was the length of time the participant took to interupt the conversation between the experimenter and confederate. They found that those in the rude condition did interupt significantly faster th an those in the polite and neutral conditions. However, the results suffered from significant ceiling effects; 21 of the 34 participants did not interupt at all. The present study was a replication of Bargh et al.’s(1996) experiment and borrows heavily from their methodology, but with one critical difference. In an attempt to address the methodological issues caused by the strong ceiling effects observed by Bargh et al., the current experiment measured the total number of people to interupt in each condition, rather than the time taken to interupt. You read "Priming Of Social Attitudes" in category "Essay examples" Based on the findings of Bargh et al., the experimental hypothesis predicted that significantly more particpants in the ‘rude’ condition would interupt the experimenter than those in the ‘polite’ and neutral conditions. Furthermore, it was predicted that there would be no significant difference in the number of participants in the polite and neutral conditons who interupted the experimenter. Method Participants A total of 54 undergraduate psychology students, 34 females and 19 males, aged between 19-25 (mean age 20.3), volunteered to participate in the experiment. Materials Each of the participants was presented with â€Å"Scrambled Sentence Test† which was presented as a test of language ability. Comprising 30 items, participants had to use listed words to form a grammatically correct four-word sentence as quickly as possible. There were three versions of the scrambled-sentence test: for the rude and polite conditions, 15 of the 30 items contained words that were associated with the trait in question. In the neutral condition, these 15 were replaced with neutral words. The remaining 15 items were idetical across the three conditions. Design ?he design of the experiment was between subjects, and had three experimental conditions. Participants were randomly assigned to each condition. The independent variable was the condition that the participant was assigned to and had three levels; rude, polite and neutral. The dependent variable was the number of participants who interupted the experimenter. Procedure Participants took part in the experiment one at a time. They were informed that they were to participate in a language ability study, and their consent to participate was obtained. Each participant received an envelope that contained 30 scrambled sentences, and were told the task was concerned with grammatical construction. They were asked to form a grammatically correct four-word sentence from a list of five-word scrambled sentences. Particpants were then given one of three versions of the test (rude, polite or neutral) of the scrambled-sentence test, and asked to complete it as quickly as possible. Upon completion, participants were asked to find the experimenter in a second room and notify them of their completion, in order to move on to the next experimental task. Participants was randomly assigned to each condition, to which the experimenter was blind. When the participant entered the second room, the experimenter appeared to be engaged with another unseen particpant (actually a confederate). The experimenter and confederate continued their discussion until interupted by the participant. The confederate noted which of the participants elected to interrupt. Results Table 1: Total number of participants who did/did not interrupt in each condition (polite, neutral, rude). Word Type Polite (n)Neutral (n)Rude (n) Did not interrupt15108 Interrupted3612 The dependent variable of the experiment was the total number of participants that interrupted the experimenter in each word type condition, and as can be seen from Table 1, participants in the rude condition interrupted most frequently (n = 12). Participants in the polite condition interrupted the least (n = 3). The propensity to interrupt increased across the levels of the independent variable; a higher number of participants in the neutral condition (n = 6) interrupted than in the polite group. A higher number again interrupted in the rude group. The results of this experiment were statistically analysed used a Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. This test was selected as the data was categorical, numerical and discrete. It produced a goodness-of-fit between the observed and expected values. If priming had no effect on interrupting behaviour, distribution across the conditions would be equal. The Chi-square test demonstrated whether the observed frequencies differed significantly from the expected frequencies. The result of the Chi-square was significant; participants in the rude condition were significantly more likely to interrupt the experimenter than participants in the neutral or positive condition, x2 (2, N = 54) = 7.50, p 0.5. Discussion This study examined whether priming traits (rudeness and politeness) could have an impact on social behaviour. It was hypothesized that participants primed with rude traits would be more likely to interrupt an experimenter ostensibly engaged in a conversation with an unseen ‘participant’ than those who were primed with positive or neutral traits, and this hypothesis was fully supported by the results of the experiment. The study confirmed that people, when influenced by a rude prime condition, would demonstrate a negative impact on social behaviour, whilst the social behaviour of those who were influenced by a polite or neutral prime condition were unaffected. This finding supported the results of Bargh et al. (1996) despite the change to the dependent variable. This provides compelling evidence for their hypothesis regarding the automatic activation of social behaviours in the face of certain environmental features (in both cases, the rude primes). Not only does the replication confirm the original study findings, but the change in the dependent variable in the study under discussion improves on the methodological design flaw of the original. Interestingly, the present study also supported the original study finding of no significant difference in interrupting behaviour between the polite and neutral groups. This indicates that it is rude behaviour that is most likely to be automatically activated. Priming a participant with polite trait information does not appear to increase an individual’s politeness, or a significant difference between the neutral and polite levels would be observed. This is somewhat at odds with previous resea rch which indicated a bias towards increased postivity via priming (Higgins et al., 1977; Forgas Bower, 1987). However, these studies looked at the effect of priming on judgement, and not on behaviour. If the result of the present study is compared with Carver et al. (1983) study of negative priming and electric shock administration, both show an increased bias towards the propensity to prime negative behaviour. Although the change in the dependent variable from time to interrupt to presence of interrupting behaviour resolved the issue of ceiling effects described by Bargh et al. (1996), whilst producing a similar result, some detail was lost. Moving from a numerical scale (time) to a categorical measurement meant that the choice of statistical analysis available was limited. A future replication might involve measuring the total number of participants that interrupted, and the time taken among those that did. A second factor that should be considered is the possibility that those in the rude condition were simply a ruder group of participants and were more likely to interrupt despite the priming effect. To control for this possibility, a future replication could incorporate a personality questionnaire to control for propensity towards rude behaviour. The current study was a replication of Baugh et al.’s (1996) experiment 2. To resolve the original study’s problem of ceiling effects, a change was made to the dependent variable; instead of measuring the time taken to interrupt, the total number of those interrupting in each condition was measured. The results supported the finding of the original study, presentation of the rudeness trait primes subsequent rude behaviour; therefore social behaviour can be automatically triggered without conscious thought. References Bargh, J. A. (1989). Conditional automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition. In J. S. Uleman, J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended Thought (pp. 3-51). New York: Guilford Press. Bargh, J.A., Chen, M., Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230-244. Carver, C., Ganellen, R., Froming, W., Chambers, W. (1983). Modelling: an analysis in terms of c ategory accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 403–421. Forgas, J. P. Moylan, S. J. (1987). After the movies: The effects of transient mood states on social judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 478-489. Higgins, E. T., Rholes, W. S., Jones, C. R. (1977). Category accessibility and impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,13, 141–154. How to cite Priming Of Social Attitudes, Essay examples

Importance of Process Design of Service NHS

Question: Describe about importance of process design of service, overall aims and objectives of product or service, stages of service for illustrating the design concept and impact of the performance objectives on the design? Answer: Introduction National Health Services or NHS is the largest public health care organisation. Since the establishment of the organisation in 1948, it is providing health care service to the citizens of United Kingdom. Since the through reform of the organisation in 2013, the organisation has faced several changes in the different fields. Now the health care services are much flexible for the further improvement. The organisation has recently decided to improve its performances in the care for the elderly people. The advanced instruments for moving elderly or disabled patients were a difficult job (Vera and Kuntz, 2007). The existing slings and hoists were good but better alternatives can be introduced for the improvement of the health care provisions. This report will evaluate the need of the process design for the improvement of the facilities and service for the elderly and disabled people. The provisions of the health care service improvement, the aims and objectives of the service, concept of the service design will be assessed in the report. The report will further investigate on the possible impacts of the performance objectives for the modification and improvement of the design. Importance of process design of service The process design is necessary whenever a new service is being introduces or a existing service is being modified. It comes after the completion of the plan of a new project. The complete project is the combination of different processes, which are interrelated with each other. The process-deign helps to form a flow chart of these processes so that the project can be completed in the most efficient way and in optimum cost (Migdadi, 2012). For a service providing organisation, the proper allocation and availability of the different resources should be assured by the by the efficient process design. The design will help the project to be success full to meet the target objectives of the project. In this case, NHS is trying to modify the health and social care services of the elderly and disabled people so that they can be provided by the most advanced and safe infrastructure. The process needs to introduce different new instruments, facilities, trained employees and technologies. The project also requires selecting the best practices and best technologies among the available modern practices. The introduction of a new system always needs proper financial and human resource support. The project planning will have significant impact over the process design. The aim of the project is segmented by the different objectives, which will be met after the completion of the project. The perfect process designing will help a project to make the overall process so efficient that it will meet all of the objectives successfully. The National Health Service (NHS) provides health car services to the patients. The safety and security of the patients are the ultimate goal of the organisation (Blackhurst et al., 2005). The inefficient service can even cause life risks for the patients. Specially, in case of the vulnerable adults, the health care service should be more secured. They are not very much healthy to withstand any small difficulties. The risk elimination needs to be modified through the advanced instrumentation for moving the vulnerable adults from one pace to other efficiently. This project will help to improve the system with a systematic approach. The process design will help NHS to carry out the modification of the service system to the vulnerable adults and the disabled persons. The process design also has effect on the performance of the individual processes of a project. As all of the processes are interrelated and mostly dependent on each other, with out proper arrangement abruptly carried out process will obviously fail (DING et al., 2009). Thus, process design for this issue is very much important for the project of service modification in NHS. Overall aims and objectives of product or service The overall aims and objectives of a project should be properly addressed so that the outcome of the project can be targeted throughout the completion of each of the processes. The plan of the project will indicate the aims and objectives of the service improvement that will help NHS to improve its service efficiency. For setting the service aims, it is necessary to understand the existing system and the probable future system that is gong to be implemented. The different systems and technologies are available in the modern medical service related science (AHMADI et al., 2009). The organisation can implement any o the services that will meet their requirements of the service improvement. The flexibility is one of the most important issues that should be integrated in the improvement of the system, as an implementation of a system not so flexible can affect the provision of the further improvement or development oft eh system. Thus, the aims and objectives of the project must be set c onsidering these factors. The aims and objective have direct impact on the process designing methods. The overall aim of the project is to provide the best facilities to the vulnerable adult patients of National Health Service (NHS). The difficulties of moving the patients and the risk factors involving in the existing system of moving the patients are aimed to eliminate through this project. The project aims to implement a modified system by introducing new technology, infrastructure, expert employees and instruments by analysing the existing and the available systems. The objectives of the project are set so that the project processes can be identified specifically and carried out in a systematic order. The objectives of the service modification of NHS are as follows. To carry out a risk assessment program on the exiting system of moving elderly and disabled patients To understand the different available new technologies for serving similar services To evaluate the efficiency and drawbacks of the existing system by analysing the existing systems in comparison with the provisions of the available new systems To select the best alternatives and the areas where the modification is required To improve the efficiency of the service and the safety of the patients with in the NHS service system towards elderly and disables patients by implementing advanced and better system by modifying the exiting one These objectives are to be met through the process designing (Lu and Wood, 2006). The different stages of the processes are to be arranged by process designing methods so that these objectives can be met efficiently. Stages of service for illustrating the design concept The process designing should include several processes through different stages. The stages help to make the performance to be more efficient. The process deigns help to arrange the content of the different stages in an overall project. A systematic process overview should be selected after evaluating the opportunities and the risk factors of the project (Ding, 2015). In case of the modification of the existing system, it is necessary to understand the strength and weakness of the existing system. The risk factors of the existing system are to be evaluated for the system evaluation and selection of the best alternatives. The study of the available system will help to understand the opportunities of the growth of the infrastructure of the organisation. The national Health Services (NHS) is an organisation that always needs to perform safely. Thus, the safety requirements are to be evaluated in the existing and the expected system most precisely. Again, the areas of the modification ar e to be detected so that the project team can lead the process effectively. After the detection of the required improvement areas and the existing system drawbacks, the stages of the service design will helps to improve the organisational service (zkan-Seely et al., 2015). However, the outcome is the improvement of service and the improvement of the safety measures. Thus, the following stages will help to concept of the design of the service modification of the project. Allocating resources: The very first stage after the selection of the best alternatives of the existing system is to locate the availability of the resources. The resources may be instruments, machineries or financial requirements. The safety measures will also be considered as the resources. The safety practices will be assured if all of the resources that will be necessary are allocated perfectly (Donk and Fransoo, 2006). Again, the system implementation also needs to carry out the optimisation of the cost resources. This process of optimisation of cost must not affect the outcome of the resources. The project will need to replace the hoists and the slings of the organisation with the new and modified one with added facilities and instruments. The automotive system for moving the patients will also be added with the system. Employee recruitment and training: The recruitment and training is very much necessary in the project (Fixson, 2005). As the existing employees may not be as efficient in operating the new technologies as they were with the existing technologies. Thus, it is necessary to carry out a recruitment and selection process. The existing employees will also require to be trained with the use of the new technology so that they can carry out their health care activities efficiently. Systematic change and replacing the existing system with the new one: The employees of the organisation and the patients of the organisation are in continuous service. It is not possible to stop services for implementing or modifying the system of NHS. This could hamper the safety of the patients. Thus, it is necessary to make a team that will guide the modification process. Thus, it is necessary to inform all of the employees regarding the changes (Greasley, 2006). The change will be carried out through several stages the employees should be trained part by part and the replacement of the instruments and system should be carried out accordingly. Monitoring and further improvement: When the implementation of the new system is complete, it is not the end of the project. A project team will further carry out their activities of the project by monitoring the activities of the organisation (Vos et al., 2007). The performance of the implementation should be evaluated by the [project team so that the efficiency of the performance of the new project can be measured and decisions regarding the further changes can be taken for the improvement of the services. Impact of the performance objectives on the design The design o the process will be improved by the performance objectives. The performance objectives are set so that the improvement of the activities of the organisation can be identified efficiently. The project should be carried out o that the aims of the project could be reached.teh performance objectives are the final goal for NHS. The efficiency of the project regarding the meeting of the performance objectives can be evaluated though the measuring the performance before and after the implementation of the modified system (Kastberg and Siverbo, 2013). The safety performance can be measured by carrying out the risk assessment program after the implementation of the new system. The performance objectives also reflect on the customer satisfaction measurements. The feedback of the customers of NHS can be analysed for the measuring the success of the project. The project design should be one in accordance with the performance objectives. The choice o the best alternatives will be mod ified with the performance objectives. The highest level of safety performance should be reached with the most appropriate technology (Kumar and Suresh, 2009). The consumer satisfaction will also affect the modification necessities. The time also has impact over the design of the project. The modification should be carried out with in a scheduled time. Thus, the design of the project should be modified in accordance with the time constraint. Conclusion The project management is a tough work, as the managers need to understand all of the necessary factors that have impact over the project there are different factors that can be considered as the risk of the existing system (Krajewski et al., 2010). The implementation process also may have different drawbacks that affect the performance. However, the proper operations management NHS need to modify its existing system of the safety movement of the elderly and disabled patients. The proper process design will help to lead the project complete efficiently and meet the performance objectives of NHS. References AHMADI, J., AHMADI, R. and RAO, J. (2009). PRODUCT/PROCESS DESIGN IN MASS PLACEMENT PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ASSEMBLY.Production and Operations Management, 4(4), pp.401-413. Blackhurst, J., Wu, T. and OGrady, P. (2005). PCDM: a decision support modeling methodology for supply chain, product and process design decisions.Journal of Operations Management, 23(3-4), pp.325-343. 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