Monday, August 24, 2020

The World Development Indicators Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The World Development Indicators - Research Paper Example According to World Bank report, without any difficulty of working together, the nation positions at 63rd situation out of absolute 183 economies of the world. The effective framework of the nation quickens financial improvement of the nation. It will be proper to check a portion of the significant Macroeconomic parameters to get the vibe of country’s generally speaking monetary wellbeing and dangers related in doing the business in the nation. On macroeconomic front the nation shows normal GDP development pace of around 2.5 percent and sparing pace of around 10%. The drawn out joblessness pace of around 2% is inside the satisfactory standards contrasted with numerous expensive economies including U.S. where presently, the joblessness rate is governing around 8-10 rate. Normal expansion rate over the most recent 4 years is under 3% (with the exception of the year 2008) which is very moderate. State obligation in level of GDP shows sensibly controlled financial administration of the economy. It very well may be closed from the previously mentioned examination that the Czech Republic doesn't represent any hazard in doing the business at macroeconomic level; be that as it may, without hardly lifting a finger of working together, it takes longer effort to set up business in Czech Republic. Mobile phone is a purchaser item and utility contraption and because of continuous mechanical up degree offers gigantic chance of development in the market for at any rate a couple of years to come. Taking into account this, the organization must contemplate over entering Czech Republic to bridle the business potential accessible as on date.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Expenses - Essay Example These incorporate innovative work whereby they are at the tact of the administrative group as far as controlling them dependent on a previously foreordained period, for example, quarterly, month to month or every year. Henceforth, showing this sort of fixed costs’ adaptable nature as opposed to the submitted ones (Dunn, Sherwood, Stevens and Winston, 2013). On the other hand, submitted fixed expense, for example, deterioration allude to long arranging costs whose adjustments may altogether influence progression of a given firm. Subsequently, they are resolute (Hartman, Vang and Cornwall, 2015). Firms ordinarily depend in this information in their mission to think of concrete and quality choices with respect to what to create. For example, this is very obvious with â€Å"make or buy† circumstances whereby a given organization should go for the most suitable choice that will promise it uplifted gainfulness. In showing up to the necessary outcomes, it uses all the handed-off information in spite of visual fit strategy, which for the most part forgets about certain information. This is particularly when expecting to interface certain purposes of information

Saturday, July 18, 2020

Quit Smoking Lessons Develop the Will to Quit Smoking

Quit Smoking Lessons â€" Develop the Will to Quit Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print Quit Lessonsâ€"Building Strong Quit Muscles Quit Smoking 101 â€" Lesson 2 By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Updated on February 13, 2018 Jamie Grill / Tetra Images /Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery According to the Centers for Disease Control, upwards of 70% of all smokers want to quit smoking. Think about that....70 out of every 100 people who smoke wish they didnt, yet they go on lighting up, day after day. Why? Because nicotine is an insidious addiction. It weaves its way into the fabric of our lives, attaching itself to every activity and emotion we have until we start to think that without our cigarettes, we wont be able to function properly or enjoy life. Developing the Will to Quit Smoking...Permanently People used to tell me that Id quit when I was ready. Years went by while I was waiting to be ready. I worried it might never happen, or that when it finally did, it would be too late. One of the most important things Ive learned since quitting is that it is rare indeed for a smoker to really ever be ready for their quit date. Smokers are addicts, and addicts are controlled by the substance theyre addicted to. If I could give you only one piece of advice, it would be to quit now. Dont wait for the stars to align and conditions to present themselves perfectly because if you do, you might never quit smoking. If You Want to Change Your Life, Change Your Mind Solid will and determination to quit smoking is built one simple day at a time and is bolstered by a variety of things, such as support, education, and gratitude. True freedom is a state of mind.  Do the work it takes to shift your attitude about smoking, and you will be on your way. Getting Started with Smoking Cessation We all feel shaky and uncertain early on in cessation. We are plagued with unhealthy thoughts of smoking and it can seem as though well never be rid of nicotine addiction. Overcoming this phase of the quitting process is much easier to do when you know what to expect and how to combat the challenges that come along the way Todays lesson will help you begin to change the relationship you have to smoking by giving you steps to follow to retrain and condition your mind. Developing the Will to Quit Smoking Why Do I Dread Quitting So Much?  I Hate Smoking!All smokers are familiar with that gut-wrenching fear of quitting as their quit day approaches. Why does it happen and how to manage it? Building Strong Quit MusclesDoes your mind bounce back and forth on the issue of smoking cessation? Or do you quit, only to find yourself smoking again within days, or at most, a few weeks? Does nicotine addiction make you feel weak? Powerless? Youre not alone. Understanding Nicotine AddictionLets take a look at how nicotine affects brain chemistry and begin the educational process that will help us battle this addiction to the ground, once and for all. Recovery from Nicotine Addiction: Myths vs. FactsReview some of the most common misconceptions about quitting tobacco that can hinder your chances for success. Achieving the Mindset for SuccessSuccessful smoking cessation must involve a change of mindset about what cigarettes mean to us, otherwise, well always be at risk for relapse. Smoking Cessation Support Smoking Cessation Support ForumSupport is a key ingredient in a successful quit program. Connect with others who are going through smoking cessation now, along with those who are further along and can offer advice.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Importance Of Financial Analysis - 1000 Words

The financial analysis has been done and on the basis of NPV and IRR projections we accept the project because NPV is positive at 15% nominal rate of return and the IRR is 64% without Anna’s concerns and IRR is 51% with regard to her concerns. So, we accept the project because in both the situations, the project seems acceptable and profitable. Annual Net present value with IRR or not in sheet 1 is positive, which shows that it is a good idea to continue the project due to the net cash flows are made positive by an increase in the value of sales. Annual net present value in sheet 3 is also positive which we have created with Anna’s concerns where she felt she needed the new equipment to be used by the new product sales only and the NPV†¦show more content†¦In Austrochemicals the techniques that also should be used is profitability index, discounted payback period and return on assets. Furthermore, the preliminary expenses such as research, overseas trips and legal expenses are part of sunk cost so these should not be included in the project because they are preliminary expenses that are for the six years from the accountants point of view. Building modifications has to be done in a way that can improve the substantial life of the building. Incentives to boost the contract manufacturing sales they can pay to existing and new customers who are companies to utilise the spare capacity of the machine. The Payback period method has disadvantages such as ignoring the time value of money, ignoring cash flows beyond the payback period (ignoring the profitability of a project), risk and opportunity cost. Payback period also doesn’t specify any required comparison to other investments or even to not making an investment. The internal rate of return has limitations such as not being an investment decision tool to rate mutually exclusive projects but only for deciding if a single project is worth investing in. Internal rate of return overestimates the yearly equivalent rate of return for a project whose interim cash flows are reinvested at a rate lower than the calculated IRR. IRR doesn’t consider cost of capital, it should not be used to compare projects of different duration. IRR may haveShow MoreRelatedImportance of Financial Analysis692 Words   |  3 PagesFinancial analysis is an important aspect in maintaining a successful business. Analysis, when done properly allows a company to better pinpoint problem aspects of the business. The company can then take corrective action to alleviate or mitigate the problem aspects of the business. Aspects such as return on assets, return on equity, net income, and the quick ratio are all aspects needed to help the business function properly. Depending on the nature of the business, each metric will vary in itsRead MoreThe Importance Of Financial Analysis1671 Words   |  7 PagesIt is important to develop unique visitors that visit our si te. Not only will we need to attract them to the site, but we should be trying to get them to spend more time on the site and direct them to make contact with one or more providers. The importance of this can be seen in bounce rates, as mentioned earlier. It’s not just about the number of visitors, but the number that become actively involved in the content. The final and most important success factor is conversions. In order for providersRead MoreEvaluation Of Financial Position And Performance Of Uk Banking Sector1163 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluation of Financial Position and Performance of UK Banking Sector with Respect to Liquidity and Profitability Research Background: Several research studies have done not only about the importance of performance evaluation (financial and non financial) of banks but also for the impact of analysis to the economy and various stakeholder groups. Generally the financial performance of banks and other financial institutions has been measured using a combination of financial ratio analysis, measuring performanceRead MoreHeading : Fundamental Analysis And Analysis Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesHeading: Fundamental Analysis URL: http://www.avatrade.com/resources/fundamental-analysis Content Additions/Changes †¢ Add a â€Å"Softer† introduction; include statement that addresses AvaTrade, along with referring to the nature of the following â€Å"Guide†. †¢ Add {Fundamental Analysis Defined}, use â€Å"When doing fundamental analysis, a trader studies the overall state of the economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  paragraph as a lead-in. †¢ Change â€Å"Why do Fundamental Analysis† to â€Å"Why conduct Fundamental Analysis† †¢ â€Å"Some of the world’sRead MoreUses Of Financial Statements : A Profit And Loss Account959 Words   |  4 PagesUses of Financial Statements Income Statements Also referred to as a Profit and Loss (PL) statement, income statements illustrate a company’s revenues and expense, operating and non-operating income and expense, which is generated and incurred within an accounting period. â€Å"The analysis of income can create a picture of the quality of operations in the composed profit and loss account period† (Jeletic, 2012, pg. 325). In addition, income statements also inform external users of net profits or lossesRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis-Questions (1)1087 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- BBA 4201: Financial Statement Analysis amp; Control 1. Describe some of the analytical uses to which financial statement analysis can be put. 2. What are the sources of financial information? 3. Who are the users of financial statements? 4. What are the objectives of financial statements? 5. What are the limitations of financial statement analysis? 6. Discuss the need for comparative analysis. 7. Identify the tools of financial statement analysis. 8. Explain andRead MoreFinancial Statement Analysis-Questions (1)1097 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- BBA 4201: Financial Statement Analysis amp; Control 1. Describe some of the analytical uses to which financial statement analysis can be put. 2. What are the sources of financial information? 3. Who are the users of financial statements? 4. What are the objectives of financial statements? 5. What are the limitations of financial statement analysis? 6. Discuss the need for comparative analysis. 7. Identify the tools of financial statement analysis. 8. ExplainRead MoreRole of Financial Statements in Decision Making1634 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: ASESSMENT OF CREDIT RISK IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT THE ABSTRACT This proposal study explores financial credit risk assessment. This is an important issue because there is currently no standardized method used by financial institutions for the assessment of credit risk. There are needs for a critical evaluation of the most popular credit risk assessment methods such as the judgmental method, credit-scoring and portfolio models along with limitations used. Survey interview process is neededRead MoreThe Matching Concept of Smith Company667 Words   |  3 Pagesexpense $24,350 Insurance $1,400 Marketing $4,500 Property taxes $8,900 Rent $18,000 Salaries $67,500 Utilities $6,700 $131,350 N/P ($4,850) Workings C.O.G.S $234,000 Add back closing stock $45,500 $279,500 The Matching Concept: Its Importance The matching principle in the words of Nikolai, Bazley and Jones (2009) states that to determine the income of a company for an accounting period, the company computes the total expenses involved in obtaining the revenues of the period and relatesRead MoreFinancial Issues Affecting Kenyatta Market Women Entrepreneurs Of Nairobi962 Words   |  4 PagesFINANCIAL ISSUES AFFECTING KENYATTA MARKET WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF NAIROBI, KENYA 1. Introduction i. Background Information According to Creighton Yieke (2006), women in Kenya constitute a subordinate, disadvantaged and muted group who are routinely treated as inferior and who face coerced sex, harmful cultural practices, stigma and discrimination. Their inferior legal status in relation to marriage inheritance, guardianship, property ownership, places them in disadvantaged position economically

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Organizational Behavioral Models - 926 Words

Models of Organizational Behaviour ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM The system’s base rests in the fundamental beliefs and intentions of those who join together to create it such as owners and managers who currently administer it. The philosophy of organizational behaviour held by management consists of an integrated set of assumptions and beliefs about the way things are, the purpose for these activities, and the way they should be. These philosophies are sometimes explicit and occasionally implicit, in the minds managers. Organizations differ in the quality of organizational behaviour that they develop. These differences are substantially caused by different models of organizational behaviour that dominant management’s thought in each†¦show more content†¦In addition, environmental conditions help in determining which model will be the most effective model. Model of Organizational Behavior There are five model of organizational behavior, such as- 1. Autocratic Model, 2. Custodial Model, 3. Collegial Model, 4. Supportive Model, and 5. System Model. Autocratic Model: The basis of this model is power with a managerial orientation of authority. The employees in turn are oriented towards obedience and dependence on the boss. The employee need that is met is subsistence. The performance result is minimal. Custodial Model: The basis of this model is economic resource with a managerial orientation of money. The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefits and dependence on the organization. The employee need that is met is security. The performance result is passive co-operation. Collegial Model: The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientation of teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The employee need that is met is self-actualization. The performance result is moderate enthusiasm. Supportive Model: The basis of this model is leadership with a managerial orientation of support. The employees is turn are oriented towards job performance and participation. The employee need that is met is recognition. The performance result is awakened drives. System Model: An emerging model of organizational behavior is the systemShow MoreRelatedA Comparative Analysis of Business Models Utilized in the Heart of Change by Cohen and Kotter, to Organizational and Behavioral Management2558 Words   |  11 PagesA Comparative Analysis of Business Models utilized in The Heart of Change by Cohen and Kotter, to Organizational and Behavioral Management by Ivancevich, Konopaske, amp; Matteson A Comparative Analysis of Business Models utilized in The Heart of Change by Cohen and Kotter, to Organizational and Behavioral Management by Ivancevich, Konopaske, amp; Matteson Introduction What is change? Change is ironically one of the very few consistencies in life. Yet we regard change as an aberrationRead MoreHow Is The Organization Described? The Case Study?1265 Words   |  6 Pagesleading to cultural crises ïÆ'Ëœ Lack of coordination between the management and employees ïÆ'Ëœ Reluctance to raise issues and problems within the organization ïÆ'Ëœ Conflicting information from top management Describe a current behavioral organizational model used in the case study An organization model defines an organization via its framework; it covers the line of authority, communication, duties and resources allocation. In this case study, the autocratic modeling is which involves managers’ abilities, authoritiesRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Bus 610 Organizational Behavior1113 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Prem Yadav BUS 610 Organizational Behavior Dr. Rollis Erickson June 29, 2015 Introduction Excellence of an organizational leadership determines how well an organization is doing. Effective leadership is influencing the behavior of individuals and groups in positive way to work towards a predefined organizational goal (Baack, 2012). An effective leader creates vision for the organization and effectively communicates with employees to set the organizational direction for growth, alignRead MoreStrategic Plan Part I1682 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Strategic Plan Part I – Organizational Structure Marla Jennings HCS/589 December22, 2014 Deborah Ann Laughon Strategic Plan Part I – Organizational Structure Introduction In this paper, this student will focus on the organizational structure of Cambridge Behavioral Hospital (CBH). This document will attempt to identify the hospital’s mission and vision, the organization’s key values, strategic planning model used, as well as the hospital’s mission, vision, and values in relationship to itsRead MoreLeadership Models1580 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Models Leadership Models The dynamics of leadership-follower relationships has grown in the last two decades because of a growing discussion in leadership literature (Popper Mayseless, 2002) as cited in Avolio. Many companies, which were small 20 years ago have emerged as leaders in the market, overtaking their once larger competitors. These firms internally have revamped the way they do business. They have focused on making changes to their managerial process, thereby creatingRead MoreThe Theory And Integrated Control Theory976 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzing and processing work motivation and organizational problem solving. It allows individuals to develop expectations, plan and execute actions, receive environmental feedback, compare feedback to expectations and adjust behavior accordingly (Klein, 1989). Klein chose the name control theory because it is a compilation of various overlapping theories of motivation. The theory also incorporated behavioral changes. Klein s integrated control theory model is a meta-theory of motivation and integratesRead MoreOrganisational Development And Organizational Development1604 Words   |  7 Pagesamong OD researchers. The OD article is from the journal of applied behavioural science. Literature review explains shortcoming among OD research. I chose the OD article for the in-depth analysis of this subject from early theories to more recent models of practice. The author discusses the implications for researchers, practitioners, and teaching of OD as a subject. The authors of the OD article aims to give an in-depth analysis of which is of greater scope which is discussed in textbooks, journalRead MoreImpact Of Csr On Organizational Trust And Brand Authenticity1551 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of CSR on Organizational Trust and Brand Authenticity and their behavioral outcomes on Firms Abstract: The importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in sustainable business is inevitable throughout the world. This study aims to investigate long-term relationships between stakeholders and socially responsible companies, reasoning the effect of organizational Trust and Brand Authenticity on such relationships. Trust is a fundamental asset in every business and non-business relationshipRead MoreHuman Resource : An Evaluation Of Organizational Selections In Human Resources1519 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resources is tasked with filling organizational vacancies with qualified candidates. When these candidates are evaluated, they are screened not only by skills but by behavioral patterns aligned with the transformed requirements of outstanding performance. During an implementation of change, the first thing the organization will want to go through people alignment; making sure the right people are employed and the wrong people are removed. In doing so, the needs or requirement of a person mayRead MoreExamining Structure Models for Ethics1113 Words   |  5 Pagesevidence that corporation should have a models that can measure structural and behavioral organizational ethics. The various models that can utilize to measure structural and behavioral organizational ethics consist of â€Å"Six Sigma†, â€Å"Balanced Scorecard†, and â€Å"the Triple Bottom Line†. For the purpose of this paper this author will consider â€Å"Six Sigma†, and â€Å"the Triple Bottom Line† models. Moreover, this author will briefly explore the elements of these two models and how they are utilized to strengthen

Poetry and Writers Different Ways Free Essays

‘Casehistory: Alison (head injury)’ Learning Objectives: – AO1: Respond to texts critically and imaginatively, select and evaluate textual detail to illustrate and support interpretations. – AO2: Explain how language, structure and form contribute to writers’ presentation of ideas, themes and settings. ( Pre-reading activity Here is a riddle for you†¦ Who do you think would be ‘†¦my husband’s wife’? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ What about ‘†¦my mother’s only daughter’? _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ The title of the poem is ‘Casehistory: Alison (head injury)’. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry and Writers Different Ways or any similar topic only for you Order Now What do you think this poem is going to be about? ( Make a note of your ideas. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Why might you talk about yourself in the third person? What is the effect? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ( Take 2 minutes to discuss the effect with your partner. Swap and develop your ideas. Feed back your ideas to the rest of the class. First impressions ( Read the poem. ______________________ ________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ ________________________ _____________________ What do you think has happened to Alison? The opening line above has a play-like feel. Imagine how this scene might look on stage. ( In the box below, sketch out the scene you imagine. In the notes box below, summarise your ‘vision’ of the action. How might you describe the attitude of the speaker of the poem? ( Choose the word or phrase that gives you this impression and write it in the box below. The first one has been done for you. Alison seems†¦ Wistful ____________ ____________ What does the younger Alison have that the Alison of the present does not? ( Fill in the table below. Alison of the past |Alison of the present | | | | |‘Autocratic knee / Like a Degas dancer’s’ |Knees that now ‘lug’ her ‘upstairs / Hardly’ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Let’s take a closer look ( Answer the following questions by providing quotes and analysis. Think PEA – point, example, analysis. 1. The poem is arranged in even, regular three line stanzas. Wha t is the effect on the reader? _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where does this regular pattern come to an END, and what is the effect of this? ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. There are two lines in the poem that begin with a single word followed by a full stop. What are they, and what is the effect on t he reader? _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Poetry detective Spot the following linguistic and structural devices at work in the poem. What is their PURPOSE and EFFECT? |techniques |examples and analysis of their effect | |Parenthesis |‘(She looks at her photograph)’ – | |( ) | | |Ambiguity | |(the puzzle / riddle of the first stanza)| | |Mid-line full stops | | |Repetition | | |Powerful adjectives | | |Enjambment | | |Use of the third person | | Get creative – AO2: Explain how language, structure and form contribute to writers’ presentation of ideas, themes and settings. ( Using ‘Casehistory: Alison (he ad injury)’ as a guide, you are going to write a poem of your own, using pictures of historical figures as inspiration. You are going to bring the long-dead subject of the painting to life in the form of a dramatic monologue! ( Take an online stroll through the 30 ‘must-see’ paintings hanging in The National Gallery: www. nationalgallery. org. uk/paintings/explore-the-paintings/30-highlight-paintings/ ( Which character did you choose? _____________________________ Writer’s toolbox ( With your choice of speaker in mind, tick the techniques you think would be useful in creating an accurate voice for your poem. Think about the intended effect of your selected techniques. If necessary, you can add additional techniques at the bottom. Poetic techniques: |Use: | | | | |Intended effect: | |Rhyme | | | |Non-standard English | | | |Mid-line full stops | | | |Enjambment | | | |Assonance | | | |Repetition | | | |Alliteration | | | |Metaphors | | | |Similes | | | |On omatopoeia | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Get writing! _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ | |My Itchy Toes Smell Lo ads | | |( Complete the table below with what you consider to be the most important quotes and poetic devices | | |within each category. | | | |meaning | | | | | | | | |imagery | | | | | | | | |tone | | | | | |Structure and Form | | | | | | | | |language | | Comparing poems – AO3: Make comparisons and explain links between texts, evaluating writers’ different ways of expressing meaning and achieving effects Use the Venn diagram to find the differences and similarities between the two poems. Sample exam question and ‘Medusa’. Comparing poems – AO3: Make comparisons and explain links between texts, evaluating writers’ different ways of expressing meaning and achieving effects ( Use the Venn diagram to find the differences and similarities between the two poems. Sample exam question Planning an essay ( Using MITSL as a guide, create an essay plan or spider diagram for your essay question. You must include 3 – 5 points of compariso n. Number each point in the order you would write about them in your exam. When you write your essay, remember to analyse structural and poetic devices for their effect and meaning. Don’t just list. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | |Casehistory: Alison (head injury) | | | | | |(She looks at her photograph) | | | | | |I would like to have known | | |My husband’s wife, my mother’s only daughter. | | |A bright girl she was. | | | | | |Enmeshed in comforting | |5 |Fat, I wonder at her delicate angles. | |Her autocratic knee | | | | | |Like a Degas dancer’s | | |Adjusts to the observer with airy poise, | | |That now lugs me upstairs | | | | |10 |Hardly. Her face, broken | | |By nothing sharper than smiles, holds in its smiles | | |What I How to cite Poetry and Writers Different Ways, Papers

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love Essay Example

Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love Paper Romantic and companionate love How can we distinguish between romantic (or passionate) love and companionate love? Discuss with reference to theory and research. It is said that every human has the desire to affiliate with others and we are not stand-alone units. Despite we may get hurt during the affiliation with the other parties, we still desire to be loved and to avoid being isolated, this is mainly due to the social anxiety and loneliness in our daily lives. Research done by Schachter (1959) presented that, people who is under distressing experience will have the tendency to ook for informal social support or attention of the other people, even if they are completely strangers with each other. Although humans have the strong urge to be loved, they often cannot distinguish between romantic (or passionate) loveand compassionate love. 1 . Lees Typology of Love Theory Therefore, there are a number of theories and research are developed by social psychologists in order to explain the difference between romanticlove and compassionate love. The first one is Lees Typology of Loveproposed by John Allan Lee. According to Gregory P. (2012), Lee opined that there are six types of interpersonal ove comprised of three primary types and three secondary types. In Lees book with the title The Colours of Love,he gives explanation to each type of love and resembles each of them with acolour. Just like the colours of a rainbow that are made up of three primary colours red, blue and yellow, he commented that this is the same to the types of love and by fusing these three primary types of loves, six styles will arise. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Psychology Passionate Love vs Compassionate Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Eros, Ludus and Storge are the three primary types of loves whereas Mania, Pragma and Agape are the three secondary types of loves after the combination between the rimary styles in various ways. Firstly, Eros (Red) lovers are passionate and constantly searching for passionate lovers too. They view their mate in aesthetic way and this usually involves sensual and sexual enjoyment. Eros is regarded as the stereotype of romantic or passionate love. Secondly, Ludus (Blue) lovers are deemed to be flirty and playful as they view their love as a gameplay. They do not concern much about the commitment towards the relationship because love for them is simple and fun. It is often that their love is full of varieties. Thirdly, Storge (Yellow) lovers are affectionate overs that slowly evolves from friendship due to similarity in taste, preferences and beliefs. For them, friendship and intimacy are more significant than sex and passion. Next, Mania (Violet) is the combination of Eros and Judus. This type of love is of high volatility, which means that it goes between the extremes of highs and lows, thus making the relationship full of uncertainties. Manic lovers get Jealous and obsessed easily and they would like to have a controlling power over their partners and the ending of their relationships are usually so devastating that they will end up ourning their lost love for a long time. In the other hand, Pragma (Greem) is the on logicality and practicality driven by the brains. Normally, cost-and-benefit analysis is done before the relationship is carried out and certain social requirements are needed in order to sustain this type of relationship. Lastly, Agape (Orange) is the combination of Eros and Storge. This type of love is selfless, altruistic and unconditional. Agape seems to be the truest love among the other types of love. Cassie H. (2010) states that Clyde Hendrick and Susan Hendrick expanded on Lees Typology of Love theory through extensive research and found out that relationship based on similar love styles seems to stay longer and thereby concluding that people are inclined to find somebody with same type of love styles as their partners and reject others who do not fulfill into the similarity. This theory narrows down the type of love into six, however, it is superficial to categorize the love into different types and this theory is difficult in distinguishing between passionate love and compassionate love. Need assistance with your paper on a related or a different topic? Team of Ascendnaamba.org, top global MBA essay writing service is ready to help right now! Passionate love versus compassionate love 2. 1 Passionate Love Another theory of love is passionate love versus compassionate love theory developed by Elaine Hatfield. According to Kendra C. (n. d. ), Hatfield divides love into two basic types : passionate love and compassionate love. Passionate love has three components namely cognitive, emotional and behavioral. Cognitive component includes viewing the other person or relationship as an ideal and the urge to get to know each other, emotional component focuses on physiological arousal, sexual attraction and the desire for union while behavioral element involves treating the other and being intimate to him or her. Passionate love is linked with other intense emotions. For instance, when our love is reciprocated, we will undergo closeness, fulfillment and ectasy. Unreciprocated love, on the other side, can be devastating in terms of emotions. It is also suggested that passionate love will arise when we meet someone who is ideal to fit the social norms or cultural expectations about what makes an appropriate partner as well as when we feel physiologically and neuropsychologically aroused thinking about or in the presence of him or her. However, the critism about this that being aroused when we meet the other person oes not necessarily mean that we are in love with them and it is unclear about the reason we fall in love as it is limited to only a few conditions. 2. 2 Compassionate Love According to psychologist Elaine Hatfield (n. . ), Compassionate love has traits such as attachment, intimacy, trust, affection and mutual respect. It usually arises out of the feeling of mutual understanding and shared respect for each other. As contrary to passionate love which is momentary, compassionate love is long-lasting and usually can happen on both close friends or romantic partners. Despite that a passionate love is wild and intense with ups and downs, it will eventually cool down over time and lead to compassionate love which is far more enduring than passionate love. This is healthier for a romantic relationship because it is more comfortable to be a partner who gives you security, shared understanding and mutual respect as highs are Just temporary and will not last forever. It is consistency that keeps a relationship flourish. (Melissa R. , 2008). 2. 3 Similarities Something mutually inclusive between passionate love and compassionate love is hat they both tend to seek a partner who is affectionate, good-looking and who love also have a strong need to live entwined or with each other. Other than that, both of them also requires right timing to be in a relationship. Kendra C. , n. d. ) 2. 4 Differences Passionate love is wild at the commencement of the relationship and slowly fades over time whereas compassionate love is steady and enduring. Passionate lovers are guided by emotions without thinking much of the future while compassionate lovers aim to find a lasting companion. 3. Conclusion Majority of the people yearn for ideal relationships that complement the teadiness of compassionate love with the intensity of passionate love, however, it is believed that this type of relationships is rare. In my opinion, compassionate love is more matured and therefore, should be encouraged among the couples because it is more enduring and truly withstand the test of time. Compassionate love is also good for people for are looking for long lived relationships. However, no matter we are experiencing passionate love or compassionate love, so long as the differences between each other are overlooked and tolerated, this relationship will definitely be healthier. (1250 words)

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Spanish

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Spanish Look in just about any good Spanish dictionary, and most verbs will be listed as either transitive (verbo transitivo, often abbreviated in dictionaries as vt or tr) or intransitive (verbo intransitivo, abbreviated to vi or int). These designations can give you an important clue as to how the verb is used in sentences. What Are Transitive and Intransitive Verbs? A transitive verb is simply one that needs a direct object (a noun or a pronoun that the verb acts upon) to complete its thought. An intransitive one does not. An example of a transitive verb is the English verb to get and one of its Spanish equivalents, obtener. If you were to use the verb by itself, such by saying I get in English or obtengo in Spanish, it is clear you arent expressing a complete thought. Theres a natural follow-up question here: What are you getting?  ¿Quà © obtengas? The verb simply isnt complete without an accompanying noun (or pronoun) to indicate what is being obtained: I am getting an error message. Obtengo un mensaje de error. Another transitive verb is to surprise or its Spanish equivalent, sorprender. To express a complete thought, the verb must indicate who is surprised: It surprised me. Me sorprendià ³. To get, to surprise, obtener and sorpender, then, are all transitive verbs. They must be used with an object. Intransitive verbs are used without objects. They stand by themselves without acting on a noun or pronoun. Although they can be modified in meaning using adverbs or phrases, they cannot take a noun as an object. An example is the English verb to flourish and its Spanish equivalent, florecer. It doesnt make sense to flourish something, so the verb stands alone: The sciences flourished. Florecà ­an las ciencias. There are many verbs that can be used either transitively or intransitively. One example is to study or estudiar. You can use an object for a transitive usage (I am studying the book. Estudio el libro.) or without an object for an intransitive usage (I am studying. Estudio.). To write and escribir can be used in exactly the same ways. Take Note Transitive verbs (or verbs that are used transitively) need a direct object to be complete.Intransitive verbs do not need an object to be complete.Usually, but not always, Spanish verbs and their English counterparts match each other in transitivity. Verb Usage in Spanish vs. English The distinctions between transitive and intransitive verbs usually dont give Spanish students a lot of trouble. Most of the time, when a transitive verb is used in English, youll use a transitive one in Spanish. However, there are some verbs that can be used transitively in one language but not the other, or the opposite. That is one reason you may want to check the dictionary before you try using a verb in a way you havent heard it before. An example of a verb that can be used transitively in English but not Spanish is to swim, as in He swam the river. But the Spanish equivalent, nadar, cant be used in that way. While you can swim something in English, you cant nadar algo in Spanish. Youll need to recast the sentence: Nadà ³ por el rà ­o. The opposite can happen as well. In English, you cant sleep something, but in Spanish you can: La madre durmià ³ al bebà ©. The mother put the baby to sleep. In translating such verbs to English, youll often need to recast the sentence. Note that there are some verbs that are classified as neither transitive nor intransitive. These include pronominal or reflexive verbs (often abbreviated in Spanish as prnl), compulative or linking verbs (cop), and auxiliary verbs (aux). Pronominal verbs are listed in dictionaries as ending in -se. Examples of Spanish Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Use Transitive verbs: Comà ­ tres hamburguesas. (I ate three hamburgers.)El estudiante golpeà ³ la pared. (The student hit the wall.)Cambiarà © el dinero en el aeropuerto. (I will change the money in the airport.) Intransitive verbs: Comà ­ hace dos horas. (I ate three years ago. Hace tres horas is an adverbial phrase, not an object. The verb in the next example is also followed by an adverbial phrase.)La luz brillaba con muchà ­sima fuerte. (The light shone very strongly.)Las mofetas huelen mal. (Skunks stink.)

Monday, March 2, 2020

Definition and Examples of Red Herrings in Logic

Definition and Examples of Red Herrings in Logic In logic and rhetoric, a red herring is an observation that draws attention away from the central issue in an argument or discussion; an informal logical fallacy. Also called a decoy. In certain types of fiction (especially in mystery and detective stories), authors deliberately use red herrings as a plot device to mislead readers (metaphorically, to throw them off the scent) in order to maintain interest and generate suspense.The term red herring (an idiom) supposedly arose from the practice of distracting hunting dogs by dragging a smelly, salt-cured herring across the trail of the animal they were pursuing. Examples and Observations A red herring is a detail or remark inserted into a discussion, either intentionally or unintentionally, that sidetracks the discussion. The red herring is invariably irrelevant and is often emotionally charged. The participants in the discussion go after the red herring and forget what they were initially talking about; in fact, they may never get back to their original topic.(Robert J. Gula, Nonsense: Red Herrings, Straw Men and Sacred Cows: How We Abuse Logic in Our Everyday Language. Axios, 2007)Some analysts even question the widespread assumption that rising consumption in developing nations will continue to force up food prices. Paul Ashworth, senior international economist at Capital Economics, calls that argument a red herring, saying that consumption of meat in China and India has reached a plateau.(Patrick Falby, Economy: Panicked About Expensive Food And Oil? Don’t Be. Newsweek, Dec. 31, 2007-Jan. 7, 2008) Alastair Campbells Red Herring Credit where credit is due. In the space of a couple of days, Alastair Campbell has managed to turn an argument about the way the government presented its case for war in Iraq into an entirely different dispute about the way the BBC covered what was going on in Whitehall at the time. As a piece of news management, it has been brilliantly done. Hats off to Mr Campbell for the way he pulled the trick. It is easy to imagine, in years to come, how a new generation of trainee spin doctors will be raised on this case study of how the master was able to wrongfoot his tormentors so successfully.Brilliant or not, what Mr. Campbell has achieved is largely a classic use of a very pungent red herring. The BBCs reporting, though important, is not in fact the real issue; that is the strength of the case for action against Iraq. Nor is the red herring within a red herring about single sourced stories really relevant either; if your source is good enough, then the story is too.(Labours Phoney War, T he Guardian [UK],  June 28, 2003) Red Herrings in a Henning Mankell Mystery Novel There is something in the report that disturbs me, [President de Clerk] said. Let us assume there are red herrings laid out in appropriate places. Let us imagine two different sets of circumstances. One is that its me, the president, who is the intended victim. Id like you to read the report with that in mind, Scheepers. Id also like you to consider the possibility that these people intend to attack both Mandela and myself. That doesnt mean Im excluding the possibility that it really is Mandela these lunatics are after. I just want you to think critically about what you are doing. Pieter van Heerden was murdered. That means there are eyes and ears everywhere. Experience has taught me that red herrings are an important part of intelligence work. Do you follow me?(Henning Mankell,  The White Lioness, trans. by Laurie Thompson. The New Press, 2011) The Lighter Side of Red Herrings What about Red Herring, maam?Im not sure. Is Red Herring a red herring?  Or is it the fact that were meant to think  Red Herring is a  red herring that is actually the red herring?Or perhaps the fact youre meant to think Red Herring isnt a red herring is what makes Red Herring a red herring after all.Were talking serious metaherrings here.(Jasper Fforde, One of Our Thursdays Is Missing. Viking, 2011)

Friday, February 14, 2020

Tale Of Genji Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tale Of Genji - Essay Example Art and literature flourished in Japan even in ancient times. Japanese writings showed that ancient Japanese placed great premium on culture such as painting, poetry, prose, music, dramatic performances and all genres of literature. Ancient writers and artists i.e. poets, musicians, painters were then hailed as an elite group who were notches above the rest and special groups of people to be venerated and esteemed with high regard. And such writings showed that these predilections and love for art and literature even pre-dated that of European and American passion for art and literature. However, it had been claimed that most of these writings were mere oral literature because the Japanese failed to independently devise their own kind of syllabaric script and thus failed to find a means of recording their language. Thus, most of this oral literature perished (Keene 19). It was only when the Japanese (and the Koreans, too) discovered the Chinese Kanji script, the ancient Chinese metho d of writing that the Japanese were able to put into writing the works of their writers who then described the high level of culture in ancient Japan (Snowling & Hulme 23). Yet, many of this oral literature were luckily integrated into Japan’s first known surviving book, the Kojiki or â€Å"Record of Ancient Matters†. This book featured poetry, songs, myths, legends, customs and traditions, language and ancient Japanese history (Chamberlain i,ii).

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Mountain Top Coal Removal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mountain Top Coal Removal - Research Paper Example These kings receive many benefits from the mining yet most of them do not live in the region. This is because they know the effects of coal mining to the environment in the area. Current research has shown that mountain top removal has caused serious health impairments to many residents in the Appalachian region. In addition, this mining has made the environment ugly. This activity has caused a lot of destruction: it has degraded ecosystem, driven out communities, caused flooding, and brought about divisions among people. The worst effect of mountain removal is the toxic wastes that it exudes into air and water. These toxic wastes are very harmful to people. Most of the people who live in this region are Christians. They have experienced many health problems due to this coal mining. These Christians have teamed up together to eliminate this menace that have affected their lives for many decades. They are trying to fight this problem with all their strength. However, better ways of re ducing the effects of mountain removal on the environment have to be incorporated as quickly as possible, since it is going to destroy the whole environment at large. Residents in Appalachian Mountains have been worried about the effects of coal mining to their neighbors and friends. These effects have been there for several decades, and it seems not to be ending. Many cases of cancer, asthma, skin ailments, kidney diseases, and many other maladies have been related to the coal mining on the mountaintops. Cancer has buried many people in this region, and not all cases are reported. The current government statistics have shown that there are increased cases of illnesses and deaths in these regions that correlate with the mountain top removal. Many studies are going on to diagnose the cause of the calamity. There are increased rates of birth defects that are linked to the mountain top removals. The recent peer-reviewed study shows that the causes of these defects are directly related to the coal mining. This mining emits the highest amount of mercury into the air causing neurological damage to the newly born babies. The Christian community is encouraging every individual in the region to resist further coal mining in the region. (Veit, Heinz, & Thomas 225). Fight against mountain top removal started very long time ago. The first organization to fight this danger was Commission on Religion in Appalachia. This organization came into existence in 1965, and its main aims were to deal with issues of poverty and justice. CORA taught people about the God’s love to the people who reside in the Appalachian Mountains. It was used to train people concerning the community structure of activists and how to fight for the rights of the community members. CORA joined the debate about the effects of coal mining to the people and the environment. It joined hands together with the other West Virginia counties in fighting against the strip mining that was becoming a menace t o the people in that society. CORA expanded its role in the society. It stated to fight for many issues that were affecting many residents, i.e. civil rights as well as labor and environmental issues. This organization was inspired by the biblical quotes, one of them being the book of Amos 5:23-24 that says â€Å"

Friday, January 24, 2020

The Crucial Role of Symbols in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- Kill Moc

The Crucial Role of Symbols in To Kill a Mockingbird  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee, themes and central ideas of the novel are emphasized by subtle symbols. Symbols shown throughout the novel not only represent concrete objects but also ideas, feelings, beliefs, and attitudes of the characters. Some symbols even represent more than one thing. Lee's recurring use of symbols contribute to the underlying themes and ideas of the novel. Lee's unusual title is a symbol itself and it keeps the reader in anticipation while waiting for a mockingbird to enter the story. Symbols contribute to literature by causing the reader to examine the piece of work and look for meanings other than the literal one. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the use of symbols play a crucial role in the development of the novel. One of the first major symbols that emerge in the novel is Tim Johnson, a mad dog who is infected with rabies. Just as the dog is infected with rabies, the people of Maycomb County are "infected" with racism (Jones 54). When Tom Robinson is brought to trial, convicted, and ultimately murdered for a crime he did not commit, no one in the town seems to show any compassion or regret for him other than Atticus. Atticus describes the people of Maycomb as "mad dogs that he must confront" by defending Tom (Lee 103). To prove the symbol further, Atticus is the person called upon to shoot and kill Tim Johnson. This action by the people of Maycomb, show their deep trust in Atticus. As Atticus shoots and kills the mad dog, he also shots and kills racism in Maycomb as he steps up and defends Tom Robinson with all of his power. Through this action, Atticus is attempting to protect his neighbors from rabies as he wishes he coul... ... and Boo are uncanny. It is obvious that Harper Lee chose both of them as her mockingbirds. Lee's choice of such an unusual title is simply another symbol present in the novel. Lee's use of symbols re imperative to the development of her novel. The symbols give structure and hidden meaning to the text. As the reader contemplates the use of symbolism, the main theme always emerges: it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. Works Cited Erisman, Fred. "The Romantic Regionalism of Harper Lee." Alabama Review April 26, 1973: 122-36. Johnson, Claudia. "The Secret Courts of Men's Hearts:Code and Law in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird." Studies in American Fiction (1991):129-139. Jones, Carolyn. "Atticus Finch and the Mad Dog." The Southern Quarterly Summer 1996: 56-63. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY:   J.B.Lippincott Company, 1960.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Love in LA Essay

The difference between two separate opinions of love could be very similar, yet could be drastically contrasting. In the story â€Å"Love in L. A. â€Å", written by Dagoberto Gilb, Jake has, what would appear to a normal person, a skewed vision of love. Out of everything in his world he could chose to love, it is his car that he loves. His car means everything to him and it seems as if nothing else matters. In the story â€Å"The Love of My Life†, by T. C. Boyle, two teenagers seem to love each other so passionately that they are willing to risk the life of their own child to keep, what they consider in their eyes, a perfect life. Like Jake in â€Å"Love in L. A. † and the teenagers in â€Å"The Love of My Life†, people’s view on love can sway many different ways, sometimes clouding their ability to make the proper decision. In â€Å"Love in L. A. † Jake has a deep love for his car and everything about it. Even as he rides in his car, he thinks of ways to make it better. While he describes adding accessories such as â€Å"crushed velvet interior†¦ warm heater and defroster†¦ and cruise control,† Jake falls even further into a daze. To the reader the car is just an old piece of junk. This old piece of junk is more than enough to keep Jake happy. Without any friends or someone to talk to, his beat up Buick is the only thing he is able to connect with. For example, his awkward encounter with Mariana shows how strangers perceive him, which could be a contributory reason to why he has such a connection with his car. Instead of having a relationship with a human being, in a way he has a relationship with an inanimate object. The teenagers in â€Å"The Love of My Life† have an offbeat view of love. They love each other greatly and will do anything for love, even if it means throwing their newborn baby in a dumpster like a piece of unwanted garbage. Both of them are at fault for the situation that they now find themselves in. Even though the Jeremy is in jail for murdering their young child, the girl pressured him into doing so. If they both love each other as they claim, the girl wouldn’t have pressured Jeremy into murdering the baby, and the guy should not have given in for the sake of love. Their view of love is off in the sense that they are too caught up in loving themselves and believe that having a baby will ruin their lives. They don’t want to take the time to love their baby because it will take away time that they would get to spend together. If they truly loved each other, they would take the baby into their lives and love it like they love one another. Along with not having a view of love that would be considered â€Å"normal†, Jake does not seem to have a real grasp of what is acceptable and what is not. After giving fake information to the girl he just rear ended while day dreaming about his beloved car, he drives away pondering what just unfolded. He feels some guilt and shows signs that hint towards knowing what is right and wrong, â€Å"[taking] a moment or two to feel both proud and sad about his performance. But soon after he is content and the only thing on his mind is getting new license plates for his car since he stole the old plates off of an old junk car. His love for the car clouds his reasoning and forces him to make decisions influenced by him loving his car. As most teenagers would say, having a baby before the age of twenty is a burden someone of that age could go without. The teenagers in â€Å"The Love of My Life† seem to hold the same opinion, but the teens in the story took a route not heavily traveled upon. Without thinking of a plan to safely get rid of the baby, like adoption, their first reaction was to throw the baby in a dumpster. Short term fix, ending with heavy consequences. The reason for their decision was based off love. In Jake’s eyes, the love that he has for his car is no different than loving something physically. The car that he drives makes him happy and gives him something to do. It is clear that nothing, not even a fender bender, can keep him from loving his car. On the other hand, the lack of love the teenagers show towards their child in â€Å"The Love of My Life† shows that they have tunnel vision when it comes to love. They are focused on themselves and they will stop at nothing to keep their love intact. Depending on how a person is raised or influenced throughout life, love can have many different meanings. Like Jake in â€Å"Love in L. A. †, love doesn’t always have to be associated with other people. Love can influence people in a negative way like â€Å"The Love of My Life,† but could also have a positive impact. As experienced in both stories, people’s views on love can sway many different ways, sometimes affecting their ability to make the proper choice.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Human Mind is Determined by the Body in the Emodiment...

What is embodiment? The embodiment theory holds that the nature of the human mind is largely determined by the form of the human body. Embodied cognition reflects the argument that the motor system influences our cognition, just as the mind influences bodily actions. People could be more effective if they thought/processed and planned and perceived as little as possible. A person’s intelligence would be used towards only handling the minimal amount of information necessary to make their behavior appropriate and more desirable to society. Our physical experience of the world and our spatial awareness, our bodily movement, and the way we manipulate objects provide the pattern for how we reason about the world. Reason is independent of†¦show more content†¦A significant human skill is learning to suppress the overriding contribution of the environment to conceptualization, and it allows the memory to guide conceptualization. The effort used in suppressing input fr om the environment pays off by allowing prediction, recollective memory, and language comprehension. Cognition is situated, time-pressured. Cognitive activity takes place in the context of a real-world environment, and inherently involves perception and action. We are mind on the hoof (Clark), and cognition must be understood in terms of how it functions under the pressure of real-time interaction with the environment. When you’re under pressure to make a decision, the choice that is made emerges from the confluence of pressures that you’re under. In the absence of pressure, a decision may be made differently. We off-load cognitive work onto the environment. Because of limits on our information-processing abilities, we exploit the environment to reduce the cognitive workload. We make the environment hold or even manipulate information for us, and we harvest that information only on a need-to-know basis. This is seen when people have calendars, agendas, PDAs, or anything to help them with everyday functions. We write things down so we can use the information when w e need it, instead of taking the time to memorize or encode it into our minds. The environment is part of the cognitive system. The information flow